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Harlech
Harlech ((:ˈharlɛx)) is a town and seaside resort in Gwynedd, within the historical boundaries of Meirionnydd in northwest Wales. Lying on Tremadog Bay and within the Snowdonia National Park, it has a population of 1,447, of whom 51% speak Welsh.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Town population and welsh speakers )〕 The town is located in the unitary authority of Gwynedd which was formed in 1996, from 1974 to 1996 it was in the Meirionydd District of the 1974 County of Gwynedd, and before 1974 it was in the historic county of Merionethshire.
The town is best known for the landmark Harlech Castle, begun in 1283 by Edward I of England, captured by Owain Glyndŵr, and later the stronghold of Henry Tudor. The castle was originally built next to the sea, but geological processes have changed the shape of the coastline, and the castle now lies on a cliff face, about half a mile (800 m) inland. The town has since developed with housing estates on the flat low town area and hillside properties in the high town around the shopping street, church, and castle. The two areas are linked by a steep and winding road called "Twtil".〔Probably from the English 'Toothill', meaning "look-out hill".〕
==Etymology==
The exact derivation of the name 'Harlech' is unclear. Some mostly older sources claim that it derives from ''Arddlech'', i.e. ''ardd'' (high) + ''llech'' (rock),〔''Notices Illustrative of Cambrian History and Antiquities, The New Monthly Magazine'', Volume 10 - Page 307, 1818〕〔''The Celtic Review: Volumes 9-10'', Donald MacKinnon, E. C. Carmichael Watson, 1975〕 referring to the prominent crag on which the castle stands. More recent sources tend to claim a simpler derivation, namely from the two Welsh words ''hardd'' (fair/fine) and ''llech''.〔''Oxford Dictionary of British Place Names'' by Anthony David Mills, Oxford University Press 1991〕
As late as the 19th century some texts referred to "Harddlech" and "Harddlech Castle",〔''The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher, and the Ancient Nobility of Powys Fadog, and the Ancient Lords of Arwystli, Cedewen, and Meirionydd :Volume 6'', Jacob Youde William Lloyd, 1887〕〔''The Poetical Works of Lewis Glyn Cothi: A celebrated bard'',page 21, Lewis Glyn Cothi, 1837〕 and this name is used in the mid-19th century translation of the Mabinogion : ''"And one afternoon he was at Harddlech in Ardudwy, at a court of his. And they were seated upon the rock of Harddlech overlooking the sea."'' Contemporary documents from the time of the Mabinogion do not actually mention Harlech, referring only to Llywelyn building his castle "at Ardudwy"〔''Brut y Tywysogion / Chronicle of the Princes, Red Book of Hergest'', Thomas Jones, University of Wales Press, Cardiff 1955〕
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